
Volume of Fluid
Modeling Multi-Phase Flows

Adaptive Mesh Refinement: Void Fraction
In CONVERGE, you don’t have to trade speed for accuracy. You can accelerate your simulation by coupling CONVERGE’s VOF method with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) to automatically increase grid resolution at the fluid-fluid interface based on the local void fraction. AMR reduces numerical diffusion and helps you resolve the interface at a reasonable computational cost, even over a long period of time, by adding cells only when and where you need them.
Interface Capturing Schemes
Sometimes it is essential to obtain a sharp resolution of the fluid-fluid interface in your multi-phase simulations. CONVERGE offers two powerful options for interface reconstruction. The High-Resolution Interface Capturing (HRIC) scheme maintains a balance between accuracy and stability and can be used with both compressible and incompressible fluids. For incompressible flows, the Piecewise-Linear Interface Calculation (PLIC) can maintain a sharper interface than HRIC and can accurately resolve topological changes.
VOF-Spray One-Way Coupling
The VOF method is ideal for detailed multi-phase modeling of internal flow in injectors, but resolving the ensuing spray breakup phenomena using the Eulerian-Eulerian model is computationally expensive. VOF-spray one-way coupling in CONVERGE allows you to simulate the internal and near-nozzle regions of the injectors with the VOF method, then initialize an Eulerian-Lagrangian spray model using the VOF data. The VOF model captures differences between nozzles due to surface effects and needle motion, and the Lagrangian parcel simulation incorporates spray breakup, collision, drag, and evaporation in a model that runs more efficiently.