White Papers

Electric vehicle manufacturers are advancing lithium-ion battery technology to balance energy and power densities, safety, and cost, as different cathode chemistries offer distinct performance and thermal stability tradeoffs. To reduce the expense and limitations of traditional “build and break” testing, CFD tools like CONVERGE enable physics-based simulations of battery packs and thermal runaway behavior, allowing faster, more cost-effective optimization of battery designs and chemistries.

To design safe and reliable hydrogen storage infrastructure, engineers must account for hydrogen’s highly diffusive and corrosive nature and unique thermodynamic properties. This white paper discusses how to apply CONVERGE’s autonomous meshing, real gas properties, and robust turbulence and conjugate heat transfer models to investigate the hydrogen tank filling and emptying processes.

Positive-displacement and centrifugal pumps pose substantial setup and modeling challenges in many simulation software suites. This white paper examines the modeling approaches CONVERGE offers for three positive-displacement pump types (reciprocating piston, gerotor, and vane) and a representative centrifugal dynamic pump.

Simulating a body in white geometry moving through an automotive paint bake oven poses many challenges, including the wide range of length scales, complex moving geometry, and heat transfer. With CONVERGE’s autonomous meshing capabilities, including automatic mesh generation, fixed embedding, and Adaptive Mesh Refinement, this problem becomes simple to simulate.

Simulating positive-displacement compressors allows you to study the phenomena that affect efficiency, including leakage flows, viscous losses, and pressure pulsations. However, the complex geometries and moving components of compressors can be challenging to model. CONVERGE’s unique autonomous meshing capabilities make it easy to simulate the complex motion of positive-displacement compressors with minimal setup time.

Studying the thermal stresses in an internal combustion engine is critical for designing a durable machine that can withstand combustion processes long-term. CONVERGE offers a robust detailed chemistry solver for modeling in-cylinder combustion dynamics and a conjugate heat transfer model to efficiently calculate solid temperature distributions in combustion engines.

With large eddy simulations (LES), detailed chemistry, and sufficient grid resolution, CONVERGE can resolve turbulence chemistry interactions without explicitly assigning a sub-grid model to account for the interactions. Because LES and detailed chemistry can be computationally expensive, CONVERGE features several acceleration strategies to speed up your simulations.

Numerical viscosity is a nonphysical artifact of CFD that arises from solving the Navier-Stokes equations in approximate form on a discrete mesh. CONVERGE features a variety of numerical modeling techniques to minimize the effects of this error and improve the quality of your solution.